When a young person is accused of a crime in California, one of the most critical questions is whether they will be charged as a juvenile or as an adult. The distinction is more than just a matter of age. The process, penalties, and long-term consequences can vary significantly depending on how the case is handled.
At Griffin Law Office, APC, our San Diego criminal defense attorney represents individuals and families facing the juvenile justice system or adult court. Understanding the differences between juvenile charges and adult charges in California is essential for protecting a young person’s rights, future, and freedom.
Key Differences Between Juvenile and Adult Criminal Charges
While juvenile and adult courts both deal with criminal behavior, there are several essential distinctions in how each system handles charges, sentencing, and procedures.
- Legal Terminology
In juvenile court, minors are not “convicted” of crimes. Instead, the court determines that the allegations are “sustained” after a hearing. Sentences are referred to as “dispositions,” and detention facilities are often called “juvenile halls” rather than jails or prisons. - Court Procedures
Juvenile cases do not involve juries. A judge makes the final determination after reviewing the facts. In adult court, the accused has the right to a trial by jury. Juvenile proceedings are also closed to the public, while adult trials are typically open. - Sentencing
Adult defendants may face incarceration in jail or state prison. Juveniles are more likely to receive probation, counseling, community service, or placement in a juvenile rehabilitation program. Sentencing in adult court can result in long-term imprisonment, especially for serious felonies, whereas juvenile sentences are typically more limited in length and focused on education and rehabilitation. - Criminal Records
Juvenile records are more likely to be sealed after the person reaches adulthood, provided they meet eligibility requirements and do not commit additional offenses. Adult convictions, especially felonies, remain on a person’s record and can significantly impact employment, education, and housing opportunities for the rest of their life.
What Happens If a Juvenile Is Tried as an Adult?
Although the juvenile system is intended for individuals under 18, California law allows certain minors to be tried as adults under specific circumstances.
The most common reasons for transferring a minor to adult court include:
- The minor is at least 16 years old and is accused of committing a serious or violent felony.
- The minor is at least 14 and has been accused of particularly severe crimes such as murder or certain sex offenses.
- The court determines, through a transfer hearing, that the juvenile system is not appropriate based on the minor’s criminal history, sophistication, and the nature of the offense.
When a juvenile is tried as an adult, they are subject to the same penalties as an adult, including lengthy prison sentences. They are also housed in adult facilities unless a court order provides otherwise. This transfer can drastically alter the trajectory of a young person’s life, which is why it is critical to fight to keep cases in juvenile court whenever possible.
How an Attorney Can Help Protect Your Child’s Future
If your child has been arrested or is under investigation, hiring a criminal defense lawyer with experience in both juvenile and adult court systems is essential. At Griffin Law Office, APC, we advocate for minors facing charges and help families understand what to expect throughout the process.
Here are some of the ways we can assist:
- Preventing Adult Charges: We work to keep eligible cases in juvenile court and present compelling evidence to show why rehabilitation is the best path forward.
- Defending Charges in Juvenile Court: We develop strong legal defenses, challenge the prosecution’s case, and advocate for rehabilitation-focused outcomes.
- Challenging Transfers to Adult Court: We represent minors in transfer hearings, arguing against prosecution requests to move the case to adult court.
- Protecting the Minor’s Record: We guide families through the record-sealing process once eligibility requirements are met.
Every case is different, and the consequences can last a lifetime. That is why it is so essential to work with an attorney who understands how to approach these sensitive cases with both skill and compassion.
Contact a San Diego Juvenile Defense Attorney Today
At Griffin Law Office, APC, we understand the stress that comes with being accused of a crime as a young person. Whether the case involves a misdemeanor, a serious felony, or a risk of being charged as an adult, we are ready to help protect your child’s rights and fight for their future.
Call 619-269-2131 or contact us online to schedule a confidential consultation with a trusted San Diego criminal defense lawyer. Your child deserves a second chance, and we are here to make that possible.
